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That is how it appears to be, Dr. Ian, especially if we look at it from the point of view of key stakeholder groups (i.e., farmers, traders, processors). But this does not mean that government support is not needed, in fact, it is necessary at all segments of the seaweed value chain especially to the farmers who are facing the greatest number of risks. Yes, formal support was regarded as inconsistent (and I believe there are a number of reasons for this as well), hence, the behavior of the stakeholders is greatly influenced by the market, which, at the moment, is governed by the private sector.

Hello, Iris! Glad to see you here.

There are different ways by which the government and industry relations can be enhanced. Usually, when the government is interested in a particular commodity (i.e., seaweeds) it (note that the term “government” refers to an entity in the seaweed social network) often reaches out to the industry and other stakeholder groups through consultations, public-private partnerships, etc. Sometimes, it is the other way around – the industry reaches out to the government and proposes partnerships on a particular program or project. Since business/industry relations are affected by public policies (or the absence thereof), it becomes necessary for the government to be informed on how public policies has influenced or affected a segment of the industry or the industry as a whole. Similarly, the government should also be able to project how a particular public policy or initiative could affect an industry and other stakeholders and this should be done during the initial phase of the public policy process (i.e., ex-ante evaluation). Another series of evaluations should also be done once a public policy has been implemented (i.e., ex-post evaluation) but in most cases, the monitoring and evaluation process is weak. Given this scenario, it becomes necessary for the industry to take the initiative of reaching out to the government. But how? 1. The industry needs to strengthen its own network (farmer-trader-processor); 2. Expand the network to include organizations, institutions, individuals sharing similar interests on seaweeds (i.e., collaborate with academia, non-government organizations), and 3. Utilize the existing alliance in driving the government towards adopting a cause/approach/program that the industry deemed important for economic growth. Similar initiatives have already been done but it usually takes years or even decades to see [and enjoy] the outcome.

So, how about academia? The academia and R&D sector are drivers of change. The same thing for the private sector, non-government organizations, and communities. If we want research to be translated into action, we need to translate our findings into a language that can be understood by the government. It does not mean that policymakers and legislators do not understand “science”. They do. However, they usually do not have the “time” to sit down and digest what a journal article or a book suggests. To address this issue, academia should produce policy briefs or science briefs that can be used as a reference by the government for decision-making and in their information dissemination activities. It would also be helpful if a researcher/scientist could find legislator(s) or policymaker(s) who share similar interests on a particular topic and is/are influential enough to promote the cause. Through this, there will be some sort of assurance that the issue/cause will be brought up during deliberations and an opportunity for scientists/researchers to tread into politics and engage in policy discussions.

We also need to understand that the needs, priorities, and roles of the government, academia, the industry, and the communities are different. More often than not, the government and the industry need quick answers for issues and unfortunately, the academia and the R&D sector operate on a different timeline. For instance, it would take a researcher a year, at a minimum, to find answers to a particular issue. The academia and R&D sector should not carry all the burden on its shoulders. We search for answers and develop strategies to address certain issues and when it comes to policymaking and implementation, there are institutions more suited for these roles (i.e., the government).